Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.'s proprietary Tissue Repair Cells (TRCs) received an Orphan Drug Designation from the US FDA for use in the treatment of osteonecrosis (also known as avascular necrosis). The National Osteonecrosis Foundation indicates that in the US alone, there are at least 20,000 new people diagnosed with this debilitating disease each year, and current therapies are of limited effectiveness.
Osteonecrosis is a painful medical condition where the tissue inside a bone is dying and unable to regenerate itself through natural processes. Ninety percent of the patients afflicted by this disease have osteonecrosis at the hip, or more specifically the femoral head - the ball at the top of the femur bone that rotates inside the hip socket. This disease usually attacks young male adults, and left untreated the femoral head eventually collapses, leading to the requirement of a total hip joint replacement. In the US, it is estimated that up to 10% of all hip replacements are performed due to osteonecrosis. There are no established pharmaceuticals for the prevention or treatment of osteonecrosis.
The tissues destroyed in the osteonecrosis disease process include bone, bone marrow and vascular (blood vessels). The diverse tissues involved with this disease have complicated the development of effective treatments in the past. Aastrom's TRCs, a proprietary mixture of stem, stromal and progenitor cells derived from a small sample of the patient's own bone marrow, have been used in clinical trials to regenerate all three of these tissues. With this capability, TRCs may offer a novel means to restore healthy tissue at osteonecrotic sites.
Aastrom is currently preparing a clinical trial protocol to evaluate TRCs in the treatment of osteonecrosis at the hip. In general terms, the expected treatment approach will be to remove the necrotic tissue from the interior of the patient's deteriorated bone, and implant the tissue-regenerating TRCs into the femoral head. The expectation is that if the femoral head/hip joint is strengthened by the re-growth of healthy bone, vascular and marrow tissue, the need for a hip replacement could be delayed or eliminated for patients suffering from this disease.
"With our clinical and developmental research progress using TRCs for the regeneration of healthy bone, vascular and bone marrow tissues, we can begin to target new areas of unmet medical need, such as osteonecrosis," R. Douglas Armstrong, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Aastrom said adding, "We are pleased to receive an orphan drug designation for our TRC cell product as a new treatment option for patients with such a significantly debilitating disease. This progress is a part of our strategic plan for the development of a new concept in products for use in complex orthopaedic indications."
The orphan drug designation is granted to select approaches that offer potential therapeutic value in the treatment of rare diseases and conditions. Above and beyond assistance from the Office of Orphan Products Development in furthering its TRC tissue regeneration program, Aastrom may receive several other benefits. In particular, Aastrom may be entitled to an expedited FDA review, the reduction or even elimination of filing fees, and the availability of possible tax credits. The Company will also be entitled to marketing exclusivity for seven years once the product receives FDA approval.