Results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled study showed that the combination of the progestin drospirenone with the estrogen ethinyl estradiol contained in the oral contraceptive Yasmin may be beneficial in treating premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that affects more than 3 million U.S. women.
PMDD, a distinct medical condition characterized by severe monthly mood swings and physical symptoms that interfere with everyday life, has a noted impact on a woman's relationship with her family and friends. Cyclic symptoms of depressed mood, anxiety, irritability, breast tenderness and bloating go far beyond those associated with typical or common PMS. PMDD sufferers experience symptoms that occur during the week or two before the menstrual period and disappear within four days of the onset of menstruation. Definitive cases include symptoms documented daily for at least two consecutive menstrual cycles.
Drospirenone is different from the progestins currently available in other oral contraceptives. Drospirenone is chemically related to spironolactone, a diuretic or "water pill" widely used by gynecologists to treat fluid retention for many women. Similarly to spironolactone, drospirenone influences the regulation of water and sodium levels in the body.
Animal studies show that Yasmin also demonstrates antiandrogenic (anti-male hormone) properties that may result in a favorable effect on mild-to-moderate acne, unwanted facial hair growth and irritability.
Researchers caution that Yasmin may not be appropriate for women with kidney, liver or adrenal disease because it may increase potassium levels. Patients taking drugs that could increase potassium should consult their health-care professional before taking Yasmin.
Eighty-two women aged 18-40 completed the three-month study, where the Yasmin users showed greater improvement than the placebo group. Yasmin was well tolerated, with adverse reactions typical of those associated with oral contraceptive use.
Researchers said further evaluation of Yasmin in larger placebo-controlled studies is needed to determine the extent of its effectiveness for the treatment of PMDD. This study was sponsored by Berlex Laboratories Inc, which makes Yasmin.