AstraZeneca LP and AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP will pay US$ 520 million to resolve allegations that AstraZeneca illegally marketed the anti-psychotic drug Seroquel for uses not approved as safe and effective by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Departments of Justice and Health and Human Services' Health Care Fraud Enforcement Action Team (HEAT) announced. Such unapproved uses are also known as "off-label" uses because they are not included in the drug's US FDA approved product label.
The Wilmington, Del.-based company signed a civil settlement to resolve allegations that by marketing Seroquel for unapproved uses, the company caused false claims for payment to be submitted to federal insurance programmes including Medicaid, Medicare and Tricare programmes, and to the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Federal Employee Health Benefits Programme and the Bureau of Prisons.
Under the terms of the settlement, the federal government will receive US$ 301,907,007 from the civil settlement, and the state Medicaid programs and the District of Columbia will share up to US$ 218,092,993 of the civil settlement, depending on the number of states that participate in the settlement. The allegations were originally brought in a lawsuit under the qui tam or whistleblower provisions of the False Claims Act and various state False Claims Act statutes.
Under the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, a company must specify the intended uses of a product in its new drug application to the US FDA. Before approving a drug, the US FDA must determine that the drug is safe and effective for the use proposed by the company. Once approved, the drug may not be marketed or promoted for off-label uses.
The US FDA originally approved Seroquel in September 1997 for the treatment of manifestations of psychotic disorders. In September 2000, US FDA proposed narrowing the approval for Seroquel to the short term treatment of schizophrenia only. In January 2004, the US FDA approved Seroquel for short term treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder (bipolar mania). In October 2006, the US FDA approved Seroquel for bipolar depression.
The United States alleges that AstraZeneca illegally marketed Seroquel for uses never approved by the US FDA. Specifically, between January 2001 through December 2006, AstraZeneca promoted Seroquel to psychiatrists and other physicians for certain uses that were not approved by the US FDA as safe and effective (including aggression, Alzheimer's disease, anger management, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar maintenance, dementia, depression, mood disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and sleeplessness). These unapproved uses were not medically accepted indications for which the United States and the state Medicaid programs provided coverage for Seroquel.
According to the settlement agreement, AstraZeneca targeted its illegal marketing of the anti-psychotic Seroquel towards doctors who do not typically treat schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, such as physicians who treat the elderly, primary care physicians, paediatric and adolescent physicians, and in long-term care facilities and prisons.
In March 2006, AstraZeneca brought certain conduct to the attention of the government and then cooperated in the investigation of the allegations being settled.
The United States contends that AstraZeneca promoted the unapproved uses by improperly and unduly influencing the content of, and speakers, in company-sponsored continuing medical education programs. The company also engaged doctors to give promotional speaker programmes on unapproved uses for Seroquel and to conduct studies on unapproved uses of Seroquel. In addition, the company recruited doctors to serve as authors of articles that were ghostwritten by medical literature companies and about studies the doctors in question did not conduct. AstraZeneca then used those studies and articles as the basis for promotional messages about unapproved uses of Seroquel.
"Illegal acts by pharmaceutical companies and false claims against Medicare and Medicaid can put the public health at risk, corrupt medical decisions by health care providers, and take billions of dollars directly out of taxpayers' pockets," said Attorney General Eric Holder. "This Administration is committed to recovering taxpayer money lost to health care fraud, whether it's by bringing cases against common criminals operating out of vacant storefronts or executives at some of the nation's biggest companies."
The United States also contends that AstraZeneca violated the federal Anti-Kickback Statute by offering and paying illegal remuneration to doctors it recruited to serve as authors of articles written by AstraZeneca and its agents about the unapproved uses of Seroquel. AstraZeneca also offered and paid illegal remuneration to doctors to travel to resort locations to "advise" AstraZeneca about marketing messages for unapproved uses of Seroquel, and paid doctors to give promotional lectures to other health care professionals about unapproved and unaccepted uses of Seroquel. The United States contends that these payments were intended to induce the doctors to prescribe Seroquel for unapproved uses in violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute.
"Rooting out health care fraud is a top priority for the Obama Administration," said Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services. "This settlement sends a clear warning to any individual or company seeking to defraud our health care system and returns hundreds of millions of dollars of taxpayer money to the Medicare trust fund where they belong. It reflects the unprecedented energy, resources, and new ideas that this administration has devoted to identifying, prosecuting, and ultimately preventing health care fraud. With the new anti-healthcare fraud resources in the Affordable Care Act, there has never been a worse time to try to steal from our health care
system."
"Consumers are entitled to rely on the claims pharmaceutical companies make about the drugs they sell," said Tony West, assistant attorney general for the Civil Division of the Department of Justice. "Working with our federal and state partners, we will protect the integrity of our public health programs by ensuring that kickbacks from drug companies do not taint the medical decisions of health care
professionals."
"When pharmaceutical companies interfere with the US FDA's mission to insure that drugs are safe and effective, they undermine the doctor-patient relationship and put the health and safety of patients at risk," said Michael L Levy, US Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. "People have a legal right to know that pharmaceutical companies are marketing their drugs only for uses approved by the FDA and that their doctors' judgment has not been affected by misinformation from a pharmaceutical company trying to boost revenues."
In addition to the civil settlement agreement, resolution of the matter includes a Corporate Integrity Agreement (CIA) between AstraZeneca and the Office of inspector general of the Department of Health and Human Services. The five-year CIA requires, among other things, that a board of directors committee annually review the company's compliance program and certify its effectiveness; that certain managers annually certify that their departments or functional areas are compliant; that AstraZeneca send doctors a letter notifying them about the settlement; and that the company post on its website information about payments to doctors, such as honoraria, travel or lodging. AstraZeneca is subject to exclusion from Federal health care programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, for a material breach of the CIA and subject to monetary penalties for less significant breaches.
"As a result of this Corporate Integrity Agreement, the actions of AstraZeneca will be more transparent, its Board of Directors held more accountable, and the names of physicians receiving payments will be disclosed -- all leading to better protection for patients," said Department of Health and Human Services Inspector General Daniel R Levinson.
The government's investigation was triggered by a whistleblower lawsuit filed under the FCA's qui tam provisions in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. As part of today's resolution, James Wetta, the whistleblower in that action, will receive more than US$ 45 million from the federal share of the civil recovery.
This settlement is part of the government's emphasis on combating health care fraud and another step for the HEAT initiative, which was announced by Attorney General Holder and Secretary Sebelius in May 2009. The partnership between the two departments has focused efforts to reduce and prevent Medicare and Medicaid fraud through enhanced cooperation. One of the most powerful tools in that effort is the FCA, which the Justice Department has used to recover almost US$ 2.8 billion since January 2009 in cases involving fraud against federal health care programmes. The Justice Department's total recoveries in FCA cases since January 2009 are over US$ 3.75 billion.
The civil settlement was reached by the US Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and the Commercial Litigation Branch of the Justice Department's Civil Division. This investigation was conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services Office of inspector general, US Postal Service's Office of inspector general and the US FDA's Office of Criminal Investigations. Assistance was provided by representatives of US FDA's Office of chief counsel and the National Association of Medicaid Fraud Control Units.