Randox Laboratories Ltd, the international clinical diagnostics company, has announced the official worldwide launch of an automated laboratory assay for Heart-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (H-FABP), to be used in the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).
This new quantitative, automated assay, and the encouragingly positive results of several recent trials, mean that H-FABP is now ready to be implemented into routine clinical practice, in combination with Troponin.
H-FABP is a low-weight cytoplasmic protein (15kDa) that is involved in the intracellular uptake and buffering of free fatty acids in the myocardium. It has been shown to be a highly sensitive & specific biomarker of myocardial ischemia, as it is released within 30 minutes of an ischemic episode and is 20 times more cardiac specific than Myoglobin.
Recent trials have shown that H-FABP has highly significant & additive diagnostic value, especially during the early hours following ACS symptom onset. Such results are particularly valuable, as this has traditionally been a troponin-blind period for hospital Emergency Departments, and many patients are conservatively admitted for further observation, in many cases, unnecessarily. The addition of H-FABP to an existing Troponin test offers the potential to rule-out ACS in many patients as early as their time of presentation to hospital.
These results have been shown to apply, even when one of the new generation of high sensitivity Troponins (hsTn) is used. The results of one recently completed study from the University of Manchester, UK, were presented at the IFCC EuroMedLab conference in Berlin on May 17th 2011. These results suggest that utilising a combination hsTnT, H-FABP and ECG on admission, could act as a highly accurate rule-out test for AMI.
Lead author of the study, Dr Rick Body, explains We know from existing evidence that H-FABP and troponin have additive diagnostic value. In a recent publication in Resuscitation, we showed that the combination of H-FABP and troponin is more accurate for early diagnosis than troponin alone and more accurate than other more established biomarker combinations.
Dr Body continues, Recent publications report the enhanced diagnostic value of hs-troponin assays. However, it is becoming apparent that even a normal hs-troponin level at presentation does not rule out Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) without serial sampling. This demonstrates that there is still the clinical need for an early marker such as H-FABP. The preliminary analyses presented at IFCC EuroMedLab suggest that the combination of H-FABP and hs-troponin is extremely promising and we eagerly await the outcome and publication of our final analyses.
Such new studies on the diagnostic value of H-FABP further build on the extensive existing evidence base on its prognostic value. Two recent landmark studies from a group based at Leeds General Infirmary, UK, and published in the prestigious Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC), showed that H-FABP offers independent and additive prognostic value across the full spectrum of ACS patients, and is a significant predictor of mortality in both Troponin positive and Troponin negative patients. The Troponin negative patients are of particular importance, as this group are usually stratified as low-risk and frequently may be discharged from hospital.
Presently, where Troponin is used on its own and generates a negative result, patients are frequently sent home, says Lead Investigator, Professor Alistair Hall. However, our study found that a significant number of these people are subsequently found to be at high risk of having a heart attack over the coming months, if they have not done so already. H-FABP can help to identify these high risk patients. Recent data from the group also shows that these results hold true even after 6 years of follow-up and, again, even when a highly sensitive Troponin assay is used.
CEO of Randox Laboratories, Dr Peter Fitzgerald, believes the release of this new laboratory-based assay represents a new era in the clinical use of acute cardiac biomarkers. This exciting new quantitative and fully automated assay means that hospitals around the world can now utilise H-FABP, in combination with Troponin, as part of their standard clinical protocol. H-FABP, alongside Troponin, offers much improved potential for ACS rule-out on presentation, better risk stratification across the ACS spectrum and facilitates improved management of post-MI patients. He continues, the new Randox H-FABP assay is a simple & rapid test that can be performed on a wide range of clinical chemistry analysers, without the need for specialist software, training or equipment. We believe it represents a wonderful opportunity to improve the management of patients with suspected ACS and enable a more effective utilisation of healthcare resources.