Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited and Eli Lilly and Company have updated the data from the TRILOGY ACS study, a phase III trial comparing prasugrel plus aspirin to clopidogrel plus aspirin in patients with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), who were managed medically without an artery-opening procedure. The results were published in the New England Journal of Medicine and also presented at the ESC Congress 2012 (European Society of Cardiology) in Munich, Germany.
At 30 months, 13.9 per cent of prasugrel patients vs. 16.0 per cent of clopidogrel patients experienced the combined primary endpoint of heart attack, stroke or cardiovascular (CV) death in patients under 75 years of age, the primary analysis population (HR=0.91; 95% CI: 0.79-1.05). This outcome was not statistically significant (P=0.21). Different from other large-scale trials, TRILOGY ACS (TaRgeted platelet Inhibition to cLarify the Optimal strateGy to medicallY manage Acute Coronary Syndromes) prospectively studied only the UA/NSTEMI population medically managed without revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery).
From a safety perspective, TRILOGY ACS showed that rates of TIMI major bleeding events (including life-threatening or fatal bleeds) did not differ significantly between the prasugrel plus aspirin and clopidogrel plus aspirin treatment groups in patients less than 75 years of age or in the overall study population. In patients under age 75, non-CABG TIMI major bleeding occurred in 2.1 per cent of prasugrel patients versus 1.5 per cent of clopidogrel patients (HR=1.31, 95 per cent CI: 0.81-2.11, P=0.27).1 However, the rates of TIMI major or minor bleeding were higher in patients treated with prasugrel (3.3 per cent of prasugrel patients versus 2.1 per cent of clopidogrel patients; HR=1.54; 95 per cent CI: 1.06-2.23; P=0.02).
“TRILOGY ACS was designed to evaluate dual oral antiplatelet therapy in UA/NSTEMI patients who are managed medically without revascularization,” said E Magnus Ohman, MD, Duke Clinical Research Institute and Chairperson of the TRILOGY ACS trial. “While the study did not demonstrate prasugrel was superior to clopidogrel in these patients, TRILOGY ACS provided some additional observations in this previously understudied population. The delayed treatment effect beyond 12 months observed in TRILOGY ACS had not been seen in earlier studies of shorter duration.” An analysis performed to account for multiple recurrent ischemic events suggested a lower risk among participants <75 years treated with prasugrel (HR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.72–1.00; P=0.044).
A post-hoc exploratory analysis observed a trend for a lower risk in heart attack, stroke and death among patients treated with prasugrel beyond one year; HRs and 95 per cent CIs for the time period of <12 months versus the time period of >12 months comparing prasugrel versus clopidogrel for the primary efficacy endpoint were 0.99 (0.84-1.16) versus 0.72 (0.54-0.97) (interaction P=0.07).
“Large-scale clinical trials in understudied populations, such as TRILOGY ACS, are important regardless of the result because they generate a sizeable amount of information for the medical community,” said J Anthony Ware, MD, Group vice president and Cardiovascular/Acute Care Platform Leader, Eli Lilly and Company. “We look forward to presenting additional data from the platelet function sub-study, analyses of the elderly population data, as well as genomics information in future peer-reviewed forums.”
“While this is not the outcome we anticipated, we believe this study contributes to the knowledge base about ACS patients who are medically managed,” said Glenn Gormley, MD, PhD, Global Head of Research & Development and senior executive officer, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited. “The group of patients in the TRILOGY ACS trial is different from those who participated in the prior TRITON-TIMI 38 trial, where almost all ACS patients underwent percutaneous intervention.”
The TRILOGY ACS study was conducted by Daiichi Sankyo and Eli Lilly and Company in conjunction with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, one of the world’s leading academic clinical research organizations and a part of Duke University Medical Centre in Durham, North Carolina, United States.
Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in July 2009, Effient (prasugrel) is indicated to reduce the rate of thrombotic CV events (including stent thrombosis) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who are to be managed with an artery-opening procedure called PCI as follows: patients with unstable angina (UA) or non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI); patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when managed with primary or delayed PCI. The loading dose (LD) of Effient is 60 mg and the maintenance dose (MD) is 10 mg once daily. Effient is available in 5-mg and 10-mg tablets. The Effient indication is based on the results of the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial.
TRILOGY ACS (TaRgeted platelet Inhibition to cLarify the Optimal strateGy to medicallY manage Acute Coronary Syndromes) began in June 2008 and reached a total enrollment of 9,326 patients at more than 900 hospitals in 52 countries worldwide.
TRILOGY ACS was a multi-centre, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of prasugrel plus aspirin compared to clopidogrel plus aspirin in UA/NSTEMI patients who were to be medically managed without revascularization. The primary endpoint was the time to occurrence of the first instance of the composite endpoint of CV death, heart attack or stroke. The sample size in the trial was selected to detect a 22 per cent relative risk reduction in patients treated for up to 30 months with prasugrel compared with clopidogrel.
Inclusion criteria for the study included at least one of the following high-risk features in UA/NSTEMI patients: age greater than 60 years, prior myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus and/or prior revascularization (PCI or CABG). Exclusion criteria included planned PCI or CABG, STEMI as the initial event, and medical management decision more than 72 hours after onset of event without clopidogrel treatment.
Prasugrel loading and maintenance dosages in TRILOGY ACS were adjusted for the medically managed patient population enrolled and differ from the current indicated dosages for ACS-PCI patients. Patients under the age of 75 and weighing more than 60 kg received a 10 mg MD of prasugrel. Prasugrel dosage adjustments (5 mg) were made for very elderly patients (75 years of age and older) and for those <60 kg; patients with prior TIA/stroke were excluded.
The current prasugrel indication in ACS patients intended for planned PCI, is a single 60 mg LD followed by a once-daily 10 mg MD. A single 60 mg LD of prasugrel followed by a MD of prasugrel at a 5 mg once daily dose, co-administered with aspirin, can be considered for lower weight patients (<60 kg) with ACS-PCI.
Safety endpoints evaluated included bleeding as measured by GUSTO and TIMI criteria; plus systematic collection of neoplasm data (all suspected events to be adjudicated by an Oncology Clinical End Point Committee).
More than 90 per cent of the patients in the study were treated with clopidogrel prior to randomization, per the guidelines for secondary prevention. Although all patients in the study were committed to be treated medically without revascularization for the index event, a small percentage of patients less than 75 years of age underwent revascularization (7.9 per cent) after randomization.