Roche, the world’s largest biotech company, has reported positive results from the phase III CLL11 study. At a pre-planned interim analysis, an independent data monitoring committee determined that the study met its primary endpoint showing that GA101 plus chlorambucil helped people live significantly longer without their disease worsening (progression-free survival; PFS) compared to MabThera/Rituxan plus chlorambucil.
The CLL11 study is being conducted in cooperation with the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG). These final data were reached well ahead of the target completion date in 2014 as a result of the magnitude of difference seen between the two study arms. No new safety signals for GA101 or MabThera/ Rituxan were identified in this analysis, and adverse events were similar to those observed in the first stage of the study which was previously reported earlier this year.
“The positive final results from the CLL11 study show the promise that GA101 could hold for people with CLL,” said Hal Barron, Roche’s chief medical officer and head, Global Product Development. "It is important to explore the potential of this medicine in other types of blood cancer, and our broad development program includes studies in aggressive and indolent lymphoma that compare GA101with MabThera/Rituxan."
GA101 is the first type II anti-CD20 medicine that is glycoengineered, which means specific sugar molecules in GA101 were modified to change its interaction with the body’s immune cells.
This modification creates a unique antibody that is designed to act as an immunotherapy, engaging the patient’s own immune system to help attack the cancerous cells; in addition, GA101 binds to CD20 with the aim of inducing direct cell death.
Based on an earlier analysis (stage 1) of the CLL11 study, marketing applications for GA101 were submitted to regulatory authorities including the US FDA and EMA in April, 2013. Due to the significance of the positive trial results and the serious and life threatening nature of CLL, the FDA granted the GA101 application both Breakthrough Therapy Designation and Priority Review.
GA101 is the first investigational type II, glycoengineered medicine designed to attack cells that have a certain marker (CD20) on their surface. It attacks targeted cells both directly and together with the body’s immune system. GA101 is currently being investigated in a large clinical program, including multiple head-to-head phase III studies versus MabThera/ Rituxan in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
CLL11 is a phase III, multi-centre, open-label, randomized three-arm study investigating the efficacy and safety profile of either GA101 plus chlorambucil or MabThera/Rituxan plus chlorambucil compared to chlorambucil alone in 781 previously untreated people with CLL and co-existing medical conditions who are in need of therapy. The study included two stages of analysis.
Stage 1 included 589 patients and compared GA101 plus chlorambucil to chlorambucil alone and MabThera/Rituxan plus chlorambucil to chlorambucil alone. Stage 1 results were reported earlier this year and showed that GA101 plus chlorambucil doubled the time people lived without their disease worsening 23.0 vs. 10.9 months compared to chlorambucil alone (HR=0.14 CI 0.09-0.21 p<0.0001).
Stage 2 (announced today) enrolled an additional 192 patients to enable the final direct comparison of GA101 versus MabThera/Rituxan, both in combination with chlorambucil.
The primary endpoint of the study was PFS with secondary endpoints including overall response rate, overall survival, disease-free survival, minimal residual disease and safety profile.
The GCLLSG has been running various phase III, phase II and phase I trials in CLL with the goal to provide optimal treatment to patients suffering from this disease. Among those were landmark trials like the CLL8 trial which led to the current standard of care in CLL. For many years, GCLLSG has been aiming to improve not just the treatment of younger and physically fit patients, but also that of elderly and less fit patients. These patients are generally underrepresented in clinical trials although they constitute the majority of CLL patients treated by doctors in daily practice. The GCLLSG is an independent non-profit research organization supported by the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe).