Novartis announced that new data presented at the Joint ACTRIMS-ECTRIMS Meeting in Boston, USA, reinforces the clinical importance of measuring brain shrinkage (brain volume loss) in multiple sclerosis (MS). An association between the rate of brain shrinkage and increased risk of long-term disability progression was confirmed in patients with MS. In pooled data from the phase III FREEDOMS core and extension studies, patients were categorised into four groups (quartiles) based on the mean change in brain volume from the start of the study to year-two. The analysis showed that 24.2 per cent of patients who had the highest rate of brain shrinkage at 2 years had confirmed six-month disability progression at four years, compared to 15.4 per cent of patients with the lowest rate of brain shrinkage (p=0.018).
A separate analysis from the long-term follow-up extension study LONGTERMS, showed that the rate of brain shrinkage in patients treated with Gilenya (fingolimod) remained similar throughout the six-year period, between 0.33 per cent and 0.46 per cent. This was broadly in the range you would expect to see in people without MS, while the typical rate of brain shrinkage experienced by patients with MS is approximately 0.5 per cent to 1.35 per cent per year.
"Novartis is committed to generating data that advances science and clinical practice to improve the outcomes of patients. These new findings strengthen the link between brain shrinkage and long-term disability progression, supporting the significance of brain shrinkage for people with MS," said Vasant Narasimhan, Global Head of Development at Novartis Pharmaceuticals. "The new data showing sustained low rates of brain shrinkage in Gilenya-treated patients with MS are reassuring because of the chronic debilitating nature of the disease."
The rate of brain shrinkage for people with MS is around three to five times faster than people without the disease, and what is lost cannot be recovered. Brain shrinkage can start early. Often goes unnoticed and is associated with a loss of physical and cognitive (i.e. memory) function for patients with MS.
Analyses of the pooled data from the phase III FREEDOMS core and extension studies showed that irrespective of treatment received brain shrinkage was associated with future long-term disability progression.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that disrupts the normal functioning of the brain, optic nerves and spinal cord through inflammation and tissue loss. The evolution of MS results in an increasing loss of both physical (e.g. walking) and cognitive (e.g. memory) function. This has a substantial negative impact on the approximately 2.3 million people worldwide affected by MS, a disease that begins in early adulthood, most often between the ages of 20 and 40.
The loss of physical and cognitive function in MS is driven by two types of damage that result in the loss of neurons and brain tissue distinct inflammatory lesions (referred to as focal damage), and more widespread inflammatory neurodegenerative processes (referred to as diffuse damage). Focal damage results in the loss of brain tissue and can clinically present as relapses. Diffuse damage starts early in the disease, often goes unnoticed and is also associated with loss of brain tissue and accumulated loss of function.
Gilenya is the only oral disease-modifying therapy (DMT) to impact the course of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) with high efficacy across four key measures of disease activity: relapses, MRI lesions, brain shrinkage (brain volume loss) and disability progression.
Gilenya targets both focal and diffuse CNS damage. It prevents cells that cause focal inflammation from reaching the brain (referred to as 'peripheral' action), but also enters the CNS and reduces the diffuse damage by preventing the activation of harmful cells residing in the CNS (referred to as 'central action'). It is important to address both focal and diffuse damage in RRMS to effectively impact disease activity and help preserve an individual's physical (e.g. walking) and cognitive (e.g. memory) function.
Gilenya has been used to treat more than 100,000 patients in a clinical trial and post-marketing setting over ten years and has a well-established safety profile.
Novartis is committed to the research and development of new treatment options to offer the right treatment to the right patient at the right time, to meet patients' needs at every stage of disease with innovative and targeted drugs.
In addition to its ongoing development programme for Gilenya in primary progressive MS (PPMS), paediatric MS and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), the Novartis MS portfolio includes Extavia (interferon beta-1b for subcutaneous injection). Investigational compounds include BAF312 (siponimod), currently in phase III clinical development and being developed as the first oral therapy for secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Novartis is also exploring the IL-17 pathway in MS.