Ardelyx, Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, announced positive results from its 371 patient phase 2b clinical trial evaluating tenapanor in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C).
Results from this study demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in IBS-C symptoms for tenapanor-treated patients compared to patients receiving placebo. At the 50 mg dose, the study met its primary efficacy endpoint of an increase in the complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) responder rate. Most secondary endpoints, including abdominal pain and other abdominal and IBS-C symptoms, demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements. Tenapanor was well-tolerated, and the safety results were consistent with those observed in previous tenapanor trials.
"We are pleased to see that tenapanor continues to demonstrate the degree of activity that was shown in the phase 2a clinical trial for IBS-C," said Mike Raab, p and CEO of Ardelyx. "We are excited about the potential for tenapanor in IBS-C. We will work with our partner, AstraZeneca, to determine the best approach for the development of tenapanor in IBS-C and the renal indications that we are evaluating."
"The magnitude of the response to tenapanor in this trial, combined with the fact that the drug was well-tolerated, with only a modest incidence of diarrhea is remarkable. In addition, of those subjects who were administered 50 milligrams of tenapanor twice a day, over 65 per cent responded that they were 'quite satisfied' or 'very satisfied' with tenapanor versus about 38 per cent with placebo, a result that was also statistically significant," said David Rosenbaum, Ph.D., Ardelyx's vice president of drug development.
Tenapanor, a minimally-absorbed inhibitor of the intestinal sodium transporter NHE3, has demonstrated the ability to reduce the absorption of dietary sodium and phosphate. Ardelyx licensed tenapanor to AstraZeneca in October 2012. In addition to IBS-C, Ardelyx and AstraZeneca are evaluating tenapanor for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in an ongoing phase 2b study, and in an ongoing phase 2a study, tenapanor is being evaluated for its effect on markers of kidney disease and fluid status in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
The clinical trial was a phase 2b, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three dose levels of tenapanor in 371 subjects with IBS-C as defined by the Rome III criteria and who had active disease as determined during a two-week screening period. Subjects who qualified and who were randomized into the study received 5, 20, or 50 mg of tenapanor or placebo twice daily for 12 consecutive weeks. At the end of this treatment period, subjects were followed for an additional 4 weeks. The primary endpoint, overall CSBM responder rate, was achieved in 60.7 per cent of patients receiving tenapanor 50 mg twice daily versus 33.7 per cent receiving placebo (p<0.001). A responder was defined as a patient who had an increase of greater than or equal to one CSBM from baseline during 6 out of 12 weeks. The results are reported on an intent-to-treat basis.
The overall responder rate, or dual composite endpoint percent, was achieved in 50 per cent of patients receiving tenapanor 50 mg twice daily versus 23.6 per cent receiving placebo (p<0.001). An overall responder was defined as a patient who was an overall CSBM responder and who experienced at least a 30 per cent decrease in abdominal pain from baseline in the same week for 6 of 12 weeks.
Most secondary endpoints measured also demonstrated significant improvements for patients receiving 50 mg tenapanor twice daily compared to placebo-treated patients.
A dose response relationship among all doses was observed in the primary endpoint, as well as in most secondary endpoints, although statistical significance was not achieved at the 5 mg or 20 mg doses. Additionally, the activity of tenapanor was maintained throughout the entire 12-week treatment period.
Tenapanor was well-tolerated in these patients, and the safety results were consistent with those observed in previous tenapanor trials. The most common adverse events at 50 mg twice daily (greater than or equal to 5 per cent) that occurred more frequently in tenapanor-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients were diarrhoea at 11.2 per cent vs. 0 per cent, and urinary tract infections at 5.6 per cent vs. 4.4 percent. Overall rates of discontinuation due to adverse events were 4.5 per cent for the tenapanor-treated patients (50 mg twice daily) and 3.3 percent for the placebo-treated patients. Based on the analysis of plasma samples tested as part of the study, the minimally systemic nature of tenapanor was confirmed. The findings of the clinical study are expected to be presented in an appropriate peer-reviewed forum.
IBS-C is a gastrointestinal disorder in which abdominal pain or discomfort is associated with constipation, significantly affecting health and quality of life. It is unknown what causes IBS-C. There is no specific test or biomarker for IBS-C and therefore, its presence is diagnosed by symptoms and by eliminating other disorders. IBS-C is very similar to chronic constipation but is clinically distinguished by its significant pain component.
Based on reports in the literature regarding the prevalence of IBS in the US population and the percentage of individuals who have IBS-C as opposed to other forms of IBS, Ardelyx estimates that approximately 1.4 per cent of the US population has IBS-C, or about 4.4 million individuals. Of those, approximately 1.0 million patients have been diagnosed with IBS-C. Additionally, there are about 6.6 million IBS-C patients in Europe and about 3.4 million in Japan.
Tenapanor (also known as RDX5791 and AZD1722) is a minimally-absorbed small molecule inhibitor of NHE3, a transporter of sodium in the gastrointestinal tract. Orally administered tenapanor has been shown in clinical trials to reduce the intestinal absorption of both dietary sodium and phosphorus. A total of 12 clinical trials of tenapanor have been completed or are ongoing, including over 830 subjects who have been administered tenapanor to date. In addition to the IBS-C phase 2b clinical trial, Ardelyx and AstraZeneca are evaluating tenapanor in two other indications:
ESRD patients on hemodialysis to treat hyperphosphatemia: Phase 2b randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 150 ESRD patients to evaluate the effects of tenapanor on serum phosphorus. Enrollment is ongoing and the results of this clinical trial are expected in the first half of 2015.
Stage 3 CKD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the presence of the protein albumin in the urine, or albuminuria, and high blood pressure: Phase 2a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 140 patients to evaluate the effects of tenapanor on kidney function and fluid overload. Enrollment is ongoing and the results of this clinical trial are expected in the second half of 2015.
Ardelyx is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative, non-systemic, small molecule therapeutics that work exclusively in the gastrointestinal tract to treat cardio-renal, gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases.