The European Commission (EC) granted marketing authorisation for Amgen's Kyprolis (carfilzomib) in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy. Kyprolis is a product of Onyx Pharmaceuticals - a subsidiary of Amgen. Kyprolis is the first irreversible proteasome inhibitor approved in the EU for use in combination treatment of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma.
"The approval of Kyprolis in combination provides physicians and patients across Europe with an important new treatment option for relapsed multiple myeloma, helping to address a real unmet need for this rare blood cancer," said Sean E. Harper, executive vice president of R&D at Amgen.
"Multiple myeloma is a complex blood cancer that often becomes resistant to treatment, which is why there is a need for new therapeutic options that provide deep and durable responses to extend the time patients live without their disease progressing."
Multiple myeloma is an incurable blood cancer, characterized by a recurring pattern of remission and relapse. It is a rare and very aggressive orphan disease that accounts for approximately one percent of all cancers. In Europe, approximately 39,000 patients are diagnosed with multiple myeloma each year and 24,000 patient deaths are reported on an annual basis.
"In clinical studies, approximately one out of three patients achieved a complete response or better on the Kyprolis in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone arm, which is three times more frequent than in the lenalidomide and dexamethasone arm," said Prof. Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine.
"In addition, the regimen provided patients with more than two years without disease progression. These results are significant for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, who are faced with worse outcomes each time they experience a relapse."
The EC approved Kyprolis based on data from the pivotal phase 3 ASPIRE (CArfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and DexamethSone versus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone for the treatment of PatIents with Relapsed Multiple MyEloma) trial. The study showed that patients treated with Kyprolis in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (regimen referred to as KRd) had increased median time to progressive disease (PD) or death by 8.7 months compared to patients treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (regimen referred to as Rd). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 26.3 months in the KRd arm compared to 17.6 months in the Rd arm (HR: 0.69; 95 per cent CI: 0.57 to 0.83; p=0.0001). The most common adverse events (AEs) in the Kyprolis arm included pneumonia (1 per cent), myocardial infarction (0.8 per cent) and upper respiratory tract infection (0.8 per cent). Discontinuation of treatment due to AEs occurred in 15 per cent of patients in the KRd arm versus 18 per cent of patients in the Rd arm.
The ASPIRE data were presented at the 56th annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) and published in The New England Journal of Medicine in December 2014.
Kyprolis received an accelerated assessment from EMA, and orphan drug designation in 2008, given to medicines intended for the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of a disease that is life threatening and has a prevalence in the EU of no more than five in 10,000 people.
Approval from the EC grants a centralised marketing authorisation with unified labeling in the 28 countries that are members of the EU. Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein, as members of the European Economic Area (EEA), will take corresponding decisions on the basis of the decision of the EC.
Amgen plans to submit data from the phase 3 ENDEAVOR (RandomizEd, OpeN Label, Phase 3 Study of Carfilzomib Plus DExamethAsone Vs Bortezomib Plus DexamethasOne in Patients With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma) trial for potential authorisation of Kyprolis in combination with dexamethasone in the EU. This data also serves as the basis of the supplemental New Drug Application of Kyprolis in combination with dexamethasone for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, which has been accepted for priority review by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Proteasomes play an important role in cell function and growth by breaking down proteins that are damaged or no longer needed. Kyprolis has been shown to block proteasomes, leading to an excessive build-up of proteins within cells. In some cells, Kyprolis can cause cell death, especially in myeloma cells because they are more likely to contain a higher amount of abnormal proteins. The irreversibility of Kyprolis' binding has also been shown to offer a more sustained inhibition of the targeted enzymes.
Kyprolis is also indicated under FDA accelerated approval as a single agent for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies including bortezomib and an immunomodulatory agent and have demonstrated disease progression on or within 60 days of completion of the last therapy. Approval is based on response rate. Clinical benefit, such as improvement in survival or symptoms, has not been verified.